Algorithm Puzzles everyday every week sometimes: Longest Substring Without Repeating Characters
Puzzle Puzzle from leetcode :
Given a string, find the length of the longest substring without repeating characters.
Example 1:
Input: “abcabcbb” Output: 3 Explanation: The answer is “abc”, with the length of 3. Example 2:
Input: “bbbbb” Output: 1 Explanation: The answer is “b”, with the length of 1. Example 3:
Input: “pwwkew” Output: 3 Explanation: The answer is “wke”, with the length of 3. Note that the answer must be a substring, “pwke” is a subsequence and not a substring.
Solving First came out solution Traverse substring(not all of them, with a little bit optimization)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 class Solution {public : int lengthOfLongestSubstring (const std ::string & s) { int longest = 0 ; for (int i = 0 ; i < s.size(); i++){ for (int j = i + 1 ; j < s.size() + 1 ; j++){ if ((j-i) <= longest){ continue ; } if (checkStringUnique(s.substr(i,j-i))) longest = (longest > (j - i)) ? longest : (j - i); else break ; } } return longest; } private : bool checkStringUnique (std ::string && s) { for (auto iter = s.begin(); iter != s.end(); ++iter){ if (s.find_first_of(*iter, std ::distance(s.begin(), iter)+1 ) != std ::string ::npos){ return false ; } } return true ; } };
Time complexity: O(n^3)
But this solution is not good enough since the time complexity is O(n^3). Only better than 62.78% cpp users.
Sliding Window Checked the reference answer, there is another solution: using sliding Window.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 class Solution {public : int lengthOfLongestSubstring (const std ::string & s) { int n = s.size(); int ans = 0 ; std ::unordered_map <char , int > map ; for (int j = 0 , i = 0 ; j < n; j++) { auto res = map .find(s[j]); if (res != map .end()) { i = (res->second > i) ? res->second : i; res->second = j + 1 ; }else { map .insert({s[j], j + 1 }); } ans = (ans > (j - i + 1 )) ? ans : (j - i + 1 ); } return ans; } };
Time complexity: O(n)
It’s better than 85.71% now.
Assuming ASCII 128 The third way to solve this is assuming the string inputs are all ASCII 128 characters… In this case no hash table is needed.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 class Solution {public : int lengthOfLongestSubstring (const std ::string & s) { int n = s.length(), ans = 0 ; int index[128 ] = {0 }; for (int j = 0 , i = 0 ; j < n; j++) { i = index[s[j]] > i ? index[s[j]] : i; ans = (ans > (j - i + 1 )) ? ans : (j - i + 1 ); index[s[j]] = j + 1 ; } return ans; } };
This solution is faster than 95.65%.